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Soluble adhesion molecules and C-reactive protein in the progression of silent cerebral infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Kawamura T, Umemura T, Kanai A, Nagashima M, Nakamura N, Uno T, Nakayama M, Sano T, Hamada Y, Nakamura J, Hotta N

Department of Metabolism and Endocrine Internal Medicine, Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya 455-8530, Japan. kawamura.hsc@chubuh.rofuku.go.jp

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the progression of silent cerebral infarction (SCI) and levels of soluble adhesion molecules and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in type 2 diabetic patients. One hundred twenty middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients without histories of vascular events were followed up for a period of 3 years. We measured levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin, and hs-CRP and assessed brain ischemic lesions by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 3 years later. Silent cerebral infarction was observed in 13% of the patients at baseline, and these patients were significantly older and had significantly higher blood pressure than those without SCI. Thirty-two patients had newly diagnosed SCI after 3 years. There were no significant differences in factors such as age, blood pressure, and diabetic control between patients without SCI and those in whom it was newly diagnosed. However, only sICAM-1 levels, but not the other soluble adhesion molecules or hs-CRP, were associated with the progression of SCI, and this relationship remains after adjustment for risk factors. On the other hand, higher levels of sICAM-1 and hs-CRP at baseline were observed in 7 patients who were excluded from the present study because of the onset of symptomatic cerebral infarction during follow-up. Our present study suggests that sICAM-1 levels may be a potential marker for SCI, which may lead to future stroke and vascular dementia, and that this marker could be useful in monitoring disease progression and as a surrogate marker in treatment studies.

Published 20 March 2006 in Metabolism, 55(4): 461-6.
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